The parking problem is a data problem
Congestion at a parking entrance is usually not capacity. It is cars circling levels that are already full, and a queue at the gate while an operator writes a number in a register.
The first fix is a live count at the entrance. Even a rough number changes driver behaviour immediately — people stop entering a full level, and the queue outside stops backing onto the road.
The second is removing cash from the exit. Payment at exit is where the delay compounds, because every transaction happens at the single point everyone has to pass through. Pay-by-QR while walking back to the car moves that step off the critical path.
None of this requires barriers or cameras to start. A phone at the gate and a QR on the ticket gets most of the benefit; the hardware is worth adding once the process is already working.
